TestFlight says already subscribed, but app finds no entitlement; restore fails with error 14

My app, At My Table, has a subscription issue on one TestFlight device.

Version: 1.0.0, Build 26
Library: expo-iap 6.4.1
Product: com.atmytable.premium.monthly
Affected device: iPhone 15 Plus, iOS 27.0.1

Tapping Subscribe displays Apple’s “You’re currently subscribed” message. However, the app reports zero active subscriptions, no current entitlement, no latest transaction, and zero available purchases.

Restore Purchases prompts for Apple sign-in and then fails with:

service-error: The operation couldn’t be completed. (SKInternalErrorDomain error 14.)

The error persists after restarting the phone and testing separately on Wi-Fi and cellular.

Another tester’s iPhone 14 Pro Max, running the same iOS version and TestFlight build, recognizes its active membership and saves changes successfully.

What diagnostics would help distinguish a sandbox account or device issue from an integration problem? I have screenshots but do not yet have a minimal native Xcode reproduction.